The recent dramatic change in regime in Syria, particularly the consolidation of power by figures such as Abu Mohammad al-Jolani, raises important questions about the future of governance in the region. As Syria continues to grapple with the aftermath of conflict and instability, the rise of groups with extremist roots highlights the need for a renewed focus on inclusive governance and sustainable peace.

Syria’s post-conflict landscape remains highly fragile, with extremist factions seeking to fill the power vacuum left by years of civil war. While some groups present themselves as reformed or pragmatic actors, their historical ties to extremist ideologies cannot be overlooked. The international community must closely monitor these developments to ensure that governance structures are not exploited to promote division or intolerance.

Reports of human rights violations, including extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detentions and restrictions on freedom of expression, underscore the challenges posed by such groups. These actions threaten to deepen societal fractures and hinder efforts to rebuild trust among Syria’s diverse communities.

The implications of Syria’s political trajectory extend far beyond its borders. As a crossroads between the Middle East and Europe, Syria’s stability – or lack thereof – has the potential to influence regional security and migration patterns. The emergence of governance models that prioritise exclusion over inclusion risks alienating moderate voices and fuelling further polarisation.

For Europe, the ripple effects of instability in Syria could translate into increased refugee flows, security concerns and difficulties in countering radicalisation. It is, therefore, in the shared interest of regional and international actors to support frameworks that promote coexistence and the rule of law.

Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach. First, supporting local initiatives that emphasise reconciliation and community-building can help counter narratives of division. Second, empowering civil society organisations and independent media can provide a platform for moderate voices to shape public discourse. Finally, strengthening oversight mechanisms and promoting accountability will be crucial in ensuring that governance structures serve all Syrians, regardless of religion, ethnicity or political affiliation.

The road to stability in Syria is neither simple nor immediate, but it must be grounded in principles of inclusion, accountability and respect for human rights. Extremist governance cannot be allowed to define Syria’s future. Instead, the focus must shift toward empowering moderate voices and building a foundation for sustainable peace. By working together, the international community can help prevent further instability and support Syrians in reclaiming their future.