Nepal's government has introduced a bill seeking to impose strict regulations on social media platforms, including fines and prison sentences for violations. The proposed legislation, registered in the National Assembly, aims to bring oversight to digital platforms such as Facebook and X (formerly Twitter) by requiring them to obtain operating licences to function in the country, state owned The Rising Nepal reported.

Nepal’s Minister for Communication and Information Technology Prithvi Subba Gurung, who also serves as the government spokesperson, submitted the bill. If enacted, it will become the Social Media Act-2081. The legislation outlines penalties for operating social media platforms without authorisation, spreading misinformation, and engaging in activities deemed harmful to national security and public order. Under the bill, individuals operating social media platforms in Nepal without permission could face fines of up to NPR250mn ($1.9mn), while those engaging in activities that threaten national interests may receive up to five years in prison, a fine of NPR50mn, or both.

Additionally, provisions target cybercrimes such as cyberbullying, cyberstalking, hacking, phishing, and deepfake content.

Offenders convicted of cyberbullying could face up to two years in prison or a fine of NPR30mn, while cyberstalking could carry penalties of up to three years in prison or a fine of NPR50mn. The bill also criminalises anonymous social media activity. Creating or using pseudonymous accounts could result in up to three months in prison or a fine of NPR5mn.

Fake accounts or groups disseminating misinformation that jeopardises national security could lead to a five-year prison term or fines up to NPR150mn. Repeat offenders face double penalties, while public officials found guilty of such offences could receive an additional 50% increase in their punishment.

The bill also proposes extra jail time for those who use minors to commit online crimes.

If passed, the legislation will significantly tighten Nepal’s control over social media, mirroring efforts by other governments to regulate digital platforms amid concerns over misinformation, cybercrime, and national security.