Serbia’s President Aleksandar Vucic announced the return of mandatory military service on September 14. The decision comes amid heightened tensions in the Balkans, particularly with neighbouring Kosovo.

The reintroduction of compulsory military service would represent a significant shift for Serbia, which has relied on a professional army for its defence since ending conscription 23 years ago.

"I hope you all understand how much we need a strong army, how much we need to purchase and manufacture more weapons," Vucic said during a public address. "We don't want to attack anyone. Nor will we do so. But we want to deter those who threaten us with savage relentlessness every day," though he did not specify who those threats might be. 

In January, Vucic signalled that the government was considering the return of compulsory military service due to increasing regional and European security concerns. Over the past year, Serbia has heightened the combat readiness of its forces near the Kosovo border, underscoring the strained relations between Belgrade and Pristina. However, Serbia continues to maintain cooperative relations with Nato, whose peacekeeping troops have been stationed in Kosovo since 1999.

According to Vucic, the mandatory service would last 75 days and be compulsory for men, while women would still have the option to serve voluntarily. The proposal is expected to pass, requiring approval from the government and parliament, where Vucic's party holds a substantial majority.

As global military tensions increase, particularly following Russia's aggression against Ukraine, other countries in the region are also considering a return to military service. 

Croatia's Defence Minister Ivan Anusic announced earlier this year that mandatory military service will be introduced from 2025.